Reporeted Speech

Reported Speech biasa disebut kalimat tidak langsung atau "Indirect Speech" adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk melaporkan kembali apa yang orang lain katakan. Biasanya, ada perubahan tenses, keterangan waktu, dan tempat dari kalimat langsung "direct speech" ke kalimat tidak langsung "indirect speech".

Berikut ini adalah beberapa perubahan tenses:

1. Present tense (S+V1) - Past tense (S+V2)
2. Present Continuous Tense (S + am, is, are +V.ing) - Past Continuous Tense (S + was, were +V.ing)
3. Past tense (S+V2) - Past Perfect Tense (S + had +V3)
4. Past Continuous Tense (S + was, were +V.ing) - Past Perfect Continuous Tense (S + had + been + V.ing)
5. Present Perfect Tense (S + have + V3) - Past Perfect Tense (S + had +V3)
6. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (S + have + been + V.ing) - Past Perfect Continuous Tense (S + had + been + V.ing)
7. Present Future (S + will + V1) - Past Future (S + would + V1)
8. Present Future Continuous Tense (S + will + be + V.ing) - Past Future Continuous Tense (S + would + be + V.ing)
9. Past Future Tense (S + would + V1) - Past Future Perfect Tense (S + would + have + V3)
10. Past Future Continuous Tense (S + would + be + Ving) - Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (S + would + have + been + V.ing)

Selain perubahan tenses, berikut adalah beberapa keterangan waktu "adverb of time"

1. Now - then
2. Last week - the previous week
3. Next week - the following week
4. Tomorrow - the next/the following day
5. Today - that day
6. Tonight - that night
7. Ago - before
8. Yesterday - the day before/ the previous day

Perubahan keterangan waktu "Adverb of place"

1. Here - there
2. There - here

Perubahan demonstrative

1. This - that
2. That - this
3. These - those
4. Those - these

Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech - Indirect Speech

•  Ani said,"I clean the floor now." - Ani said that she cleaned the floor then.
• Ani said,"I am cleaning the floor now." - Ani said that she was cleaning the floor then.
• Ani said,"I cleaned the floor yesterday." - Ani said that she had cleaned the floor the previous day.
• Ani said,"I was cleaning the floor yesterday." - Ani said that she had been cleaning the floor the previous day.
• Ani said,"I have cleaned the floor." - Ani said that she had cleaned the floor.
• Ani said," I have been cleaning the floor." - Ani said that she had been cleaning the floor.
• Ani said,"I will clean the floor." - Ani said that she would clean the floor.
• Ani said,"I will be cleaning the floor." - Ani said that she would be cleaning the floor.
• Ani said,"I would clean the floor." - Ani said that she would have cleaned the floor.
• Ani said,"I would be cleaning the floor." - Ani said that she would have been cleaning the floor.

Imperative

Untuk kalimat imperative, tidak ada perubahan tenses, hanya saja perlu menambahkan to, sedangkan untuk kalimat negative, hanya perlu menambahkan not to. Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh:

She asked me,"Sweep the floor!" - She asked me to sweep the floor.

He asked me,"Give me money!" - He asked me to give him money.

Anton asked me,"Don't turn on the lamp!" - Anton asked me not to turn on the lamp.

Yes/No Question

Yes/No Question adalah kalimat tanya yang hanya membutuhkan jawaban 'yes/no' saja. Kata bantu yang dipakai dalam Yes/No Question adalah Do, Does, Did, Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Have, Had, Will, Would, Can, Could.  Dalam Yes/No Question, terdapat perubahan tenses dan dalam indirect speech, bentuknya menjadi statement, bukan question lagi. Reported speech yang digunakan sebagai penghubungnya adalah 'if'.

Perhatikan contoh berikut:

• Andi asked Dita, "Do you love me?" - Andi asked Dita if she loved him. 
• Andi asked Dita, "Did you love me?" - Andi asked Dita if she had loved him.
• She wanted to know, "Is Mita a singer?" - She wanted to know if Mitha was a singer. 
• He asked Hesti,"Will you marry me?" - He asked Hesti if she would marry him. 
• He asked Hesti,"Would you marry me?" - He asked Hesti if she would have married him. 
• The beautiful lady asked the old man,"Can you leave me now?" - The beautiful lady asked the old man if he could leave her then.